Melamine (1, 3, 5-triamino-2, 4, 6-triazine) resin, or melamine formaldehyde (MF) is one of the hardest and stiffest thermosetting polymers, which provides good properties and performance. It is an amino resin and has various material advantages, such as transparency, better hardness, thermal stability, excellent boil resistance, scratch resistance, abrasion resistance, flame retardant, moisture resistance and surface smoothness, which lead MF to large industrial applications.

The melamine formaldehyde were brought into the market in 1935. In addition to their light-coloredness, they exhibit enhanced water and heat resistance. These resins have completely replaced thiourea-formaldehyde resins, which were also produced in the 1930s. These polymers were originally used as wood adhesives and have now found applications in flooring and decorative laminates, molding compounds, coatings, adhesives, and scientific research.

How to synthesize melamine resin?

MF can be synthesized by the reaction between melamine and formaldehyde under alkaline condition in tetrohydrofuran medium with 1:3 melamine to formaldehyde molar ratio. The synthesized resins can be characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA).

What are melamine resin microspheres?

Melamine resin microspheres are produced by acid-catalyzed hydrothermal polycondensation of methylol melamine in the temperature range of 70-100°C , without any surfactant. By adjusting pH, concentration of methylol melamine, and reaction temperature, monodisperse particles of predictable size between 0.3-15 mm can be produced in a one-pot synthesis. As a result, the melamine resin particles have many functional groups (methylol, amino and imino groups) on the surface, making the particles hydrophilic and positively charged.

However, for covalent coupling, these polymer-based groups are not suitable. For special applications, melamine resin particles can be modified by adding other functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl or mercapto groups. Therefore, the particle surface can undergo further chemical derivatization reactions.

What are melamine resin particles?

The fluorescent melamine resin particles are prepared by dispersion polycondensation in aqueous solution in the presence of various fluorophores, using melamine resin precursor and acid as catalyst.

Melamine resin particles for your research?

AS a supplier of a large selection of monodisperse polymer nanoparticles and microspheres with multiple sizes from 20 nm to 100 µm, CD Bioparticles can offer monodisperse polymer microspheres based on melamine resin. With excellent physical and chemical properties, CD Bioparticles’ melamine resin particles offer many advantages over other conventional polymer particles, such as high temperature resistance up to 300 °C, extremely high resistance in all organic solvents and superior mechanical stability.

These DiagPoly™ Plain Melamine Resin Microspheres are produced by a dispersion polycondensation reaction in aqueous solution using melamine resin precursors and acid as a catalyst. MF microspheres have a lot of hydroxyl groups and amino groups on the surface, making the MF microspheres with great hydrophilicity. Our MF microspheres have high monodispersity and uniformity (CV: 1.3%).

References

1. Merline, D. J., Vukusic, S., & Abdala, A. A. (2013). Melamine formaldehyde: curing studies and reaction mechanism. Polymer journal, 45(4), 413-419.
2. Pizzi, A., & Ibeh, C. C. (2014). Aminos. In Handbook of thermoset plastics (pp. 75-91). William Andrew Publishing.

What Are Melamine Resin Particles?

Heparin, also known as standard heparin or unfractionated heparin, is a linear polysaccharide consisting of 1-4 linked disaccharide repeat units of uronic acid and glucosamine residues. Heparin was discovered nearly 100 years ago and has been used clinically as a blood anticoagulant since 1935. This is due to its ability to bind to the antithrombin(serine protease inhibitor), causing the inhibitor to inactivate thrombin.

How to Get Heparin?

Heparin is a naturally occurring polysaccharide which contains a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan framework. It is found in animal tissues in form of heparin sulphate. Unfractionated heparins are usually isolated from natural tissues such as pig intestine or bovine lung, with an average molecular weight of about 15 kDa and a high degree of heterogeneity in chemical structure and molecular weight.

Heparin Based/Modified Nanoparticles?

Over the past few decades, nanotechnology has had a major impact on the development of drug delivery systems. Many types of nanoparticles have been developed, such as lipid-based carriers, polymeric nanostructures (including polymer-drug conjugates, block copolymer micelles, and nanogels), and inorganic nanoparticles.

With the understanding and utilization of the biological properties of heparin, heparin-based/modified nanoparticles have received increasing attention due to their advantages brought by their nanoscale size and biological activity.

Heparin has been bound to the surface of metal nanoparticles such as iron oxide and gold nanoparticles to prevent self-aggregation, improve stability and increase cellular uptake, as well as to provide targeted detection and induce apoptosis. For heparin-functionalized polymer nanoparticles, heparin has been used to coat the surface of nanoparticles and can also be used as a building block for nanoparticles. As heparin-protein interactions and antitumor effects continue to receive attention, heparin/modified polymer nanoparticles have been extensively studied as therapeutic delivery vehicles in the fields of tissue engineering and cancer therapy.

Heparin-based nanoparticles have unique properties in various biomedical applications, which show great potential for biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy, and may be used in a variety of applications including growth factor delivery, cell carriers, and cancer therapy.

Heparins for Your Research?

AS an established drug delivery company providing customized solutions for developing and producing new, biocompatible drug delivery systems, CD Bioparticles now offers various Heparins for global researchers, including the Heparin Biotin (Catalog: CDHA381), Heparin Amine(Catalog: CDHA380) and Heparin Thiol (Catalog: CDHA385). Scientists can choose Heparins at CD Bioparticles by molecular weight such as 27 kDa, or by functional groups such as Biotin, Amine and Thiol. For instance, Heparin Biotin (Catalog: CDHA381) is the lyophilized powder that heparin is labeled with biotin. These products are for laboratory research use only, and may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

References

1. Liang Y, Kiick KL. Heparin-functionalized polymeric biomaterials in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications. Acta biomaterialia. 2014. 1588-600.
2. Mishra, Nidhi, Vinod K. Tiwari, et al. Recent trends and challenges on carbohydrate-based molecular scaffolding: general consideration toward impact of carbohydrates in drug discovery and development. Carbohydrates in Drug Discovery and Development. Elsevier, 2020. 1-69.

What Are Heparins?

CD Bioparticles, a leading manufacturer and supplier of various drug delivery products and services, now introduces a series of alginates products to support drug delivery research. They can be labeled with biotin or functionalized with amine groups, and are for laboratory research use only.

Alginates are natural polymers composed of linear copolymers of ß-(1-4)-linked d-mannuronic acid and ß-(1-4)-linked l-guluronic acid units, widely found in brown seaweeds such as species of ascophyllum, durvillaea, ecklonia, laminaria, lessonia, macrocystis, sargassum, and turbinaria. To expand its biodegradable polymers portfolio, CD Bioparticles now offers various alginates products for research community, such as Alginate Biotin, Low Viscosity (Catalog:CDHA008), Alginate Amine, High viscosity (Catalog:CDHA004), and Alginate Thiol, Medium Viscosity (Catalog:CDHA018).

For example, in terms of the Alginate Biotin, High viscosity (Catalog: CDHA007), the alginate is labeled with biotin. It shows high viscosity of 1,000-1,500 cP, and its purity is greater than 95.0% by GPC. Like all the other new alginates products, this new product can only be applied for research usage and may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

CD Bioparticles offers a comprehensive list of biodegradable polymers that can be used to support scientists’ drug delivery restated studies. It can provide drug-delivery cargos with controllable delivery profile, or active biomaterials with various of ready-to-use bio-conjugation options, and hydrogels with sol-gel transition useful for reversible encapsulation and delivery. Bioadhesives with controllable adhesion forces for wound healing and drug delivery are also available at CD Bioparticles. In addition, additive manufacturing of precision medicine is achieved by means of hot melt extrusion, solution extrusion, photo-stereolithography, and inkjet printing.

“We’ve now expanded our portfolio and offer new alginates products. We are proud to be a source for our customers to choose biodegradable polymers. With our experienced teams of experts, we are able to reach a broader range of research community.” said Dr. Robin J. Watts, the scientific officer of R&D department of CD Bioparticles.

Biodegradable polymers at CD Bioparticles have many other advantages, such as wide coverage of the biomaterials with different physical properties, such as Tg, Tm, shear viscosity, Young’s modulus, dielectric constant, matching customers’ customized biomaterial processing conditions and the requirements of the final products. CD Bioparticles provides precise formulation of the polymer components to control the degradation time useful for different drug delivery and bio-graft applications. These polymers products have efficient conjugation reactions in the ambient condition to prevent the protein denatured.

For other details on alginates or more information about biodegradable polymers, please visit CD Bioparticles at https://www.cd-bioparticles.net.

About CD Bioparticles

CD Bioparticles is an established drug delivery company which provides customized solutions for developing and producing new, biocompatible drug delivery systems. It specializes in a range of formulation and drug delivery technologies, from conventional liposomes, PEGylated liposomes for drug delivery to polymer microspheres and nanoparticles for enhanced drug delivery. It provides contract services of drug delivery formulation developments for basic research, formulation feasibility studies, process development and scale-up, formulation characterization, analytical and nonclinical services.

CD Bioparticles Introduces the Launch of Alginates for Drug Delivery Research

With years of experience in the pharmaceutical and life science sector, CD Bioparticles now launches MagIso™ DNA & RNA Magnetic Silica Particles for rapid and reliable isolation of nucleic acid from plant tissues, whole blood, serum, plasma, buccal swabs, saliva, bacteria, plasmids, forensic samples and other body fluids.

CD Bioparticles offers a comprehensive list of basic, coated, functional and conjugated silica particles with uniform size and shapes. These silica particles in the size range of 10 nm to 1.5 µm are monodisperse and nonporous particles with a density of 2.0 g/cm³, while particles between 3 and 20 µm are porous particles with a density of 1.8 g/cm³. These silica particles can be used in protein adsorption and separation, nucleic acid detection and purification, drug and gene delivery, imaging contrast agents construction, and theranostics platform.

The new MagIso™ DNA and RNA Magnetic Silica Particles consist of a magnetic core encapsulated in a polymer matrix and a silica coating with terminal functional groups for excellent magnetic properties. They can be easily adapted to a magnetic nucleic acid extraction instruments to achieve automated high-throughput, high-purity extraction and purification of DNA/RNA. These magnetic particles have excellent magnetic properties and can be completely separated in just 3 seconds.

In addition, MagIso™ DNA & RNA Magnetic Silica Particles are flexible for manual or automated high-throughput DNA/RNA isolation, and have stable suspensions, with long gravity settling time/low sedimentation rate, about 30 min. CD Bioparticles ensures fast magnetic response (only 3 seconds for complete separation) and high yields, with up to 10 µg of genomic DNA from 200 µL of whole blood. The isolated DNA is immediately ready-to-use in downstream application such as sequencing, in vitro transcription, restriction enzyme digestion, or transfection of robust cell lines.

“CD Bioparticles is very excited to introduce these new silica particles to the research community. With such innovative particles, your reproducible results and lot to lot consistency can be CV < 5%,” said Dr. Robin J. Watts, the scientific officer of R&D department of CD Bioparticles. “It demonstrates CD Bioparticles’ commitment to advance the research process and improve study outcomes for customers and scientists. We will continue to expand our portfolio to provide more innovative offerings to better support our clients.”

CD Bioparticles provides the most comprehensive list of nanoparticles products with different sizes and surface properties to meet scientists’ needs in both research and industrial development. For more detailed information about MagIso™ DNA & RNA Magnetic Silica Particles or to discuss your project, please visit CD Bioparticles at https://www.cd-bioparticles.com.

About CD Bioparticles

CD Bioparticles is a global leading manufacturer and supplier of various nanoparticles, microparticles and their coatings for R&D and commercialization in a wide variety of application areas including in vitro diagnostics, biochemistry, cellular analysis, cell separation, and immunoassay. It also offers various custom services including chemical surface-functionalized, fluorescent modification, antibody immobilization, nucleic acid and oligo conjugation to meet clients’ specifications.

CD Bioparticles Launches New Silica Particles for Magnetic Nucleic Acid Extraction

An international team of researchers has discovered the first human antibody that effectively neutralizes two types of hantaviruses in animal models, according to a study published online in the journal Science Translational Medicine. Based on their preliminary results, the antibody appears to be a promising candidate for the development of a "pan-hantavirus" therapy that could prevent outbreaks caused by multiple known or emerging hantaviruses. The title of this paper is “Human antibody recognizing a quaternary epitope in the Puumala virus glycoprotein provides broad protection against orthohantaviruses”. 

Rodent-borne orthohantaviruses transmitted by rodents are zoonotic viruses with global distribution that cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) or hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Rodent-borne Hantaviruses are divided into two distinct virus families, commonly referred to as "Old World" and "New World" Hantaviruses. HFRS is caused by Old World viruses primarily found in Europe and Asia, while New World viruses cause HCPS, commonly found in North and South America. 

The hantavirus causes about 50,000 serious and often fatal infections worldwide each year. While humans are usually infected through contact with rodents, the virus can also be spread through direct human-to-human contact. Currently, there is no FDA-approved vaccine or antiviral therapy to prevent or treat the serious and potentially fatal disease caused by the emerging hantavirus.

In a previous study, Mitler et al. describe the isolation of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against the hantavirus Puumala virus (PUUV) spike protein complex from PUUV-experienced donors recovered from HFRS. This set of 135 mAbs exhibited different cross-reactivity and neutralizing activities against viruses from different hantavirus clades and targeted different parts of the viral spike. The mAb ADI-42898 blocked viral entry of seven different hantaviruses and protected Syrian hamsters challenged with HCPS-causing Andes virus or bank voles challenged with HFRS-causing PUUV. These findings suggest that monoclonal antibodies may have utility in the treatment of hantavirus disease.

Now in this new study, the researchers describe the isolation of human neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against tetrameric Gn/Gc glycoprotein spikes from PUUV-experienced donors. They define a dominant class of nAbs recognizing the “capping loop” of Gn that masks the hydrophobic fusion loops in Gc. A subset of nAbs in this class, including ADI-42898, bound Gn/Gc complexes but not Gn alone, strongly suggesting that they recognize a quaternary epitope encompassing both Gn and Gc. ADI-42898 blocked the cell entry of seven HCPS- and HFRS-associated hantaviruses, and single doses of this nAb could protect Syrian hamsters and bank voles challenged with the highly virulent HCPS-causing ANDV and HFRS-causing PUUV, respectively. ADI-42898 is a promising candidate for clinical development as a countermeasure for both HCPS and HFRS, and its mode of Gn/Gc recognition informs the development of broadly protective hantavirus vaccines.

The authors of the paper expressed that this is the first monoclonal antibody to demonstrate cross-protective efficacy against distinct Old and New World hantaviruses. According to the authors, hantavirus outbreaks in Sweden, Argentina and the United States over the past two decades highlight the public health risks posed by these viruses. The frequency of these and other emerging disease outbreaks is expected to increase with loss of animal habitat and climate change.

Reference

1.Mittler, Eva, et al. Human antibody recognizing a quaternary epitope in the Puumala virus glycoprotein provides broad protection against orthohantaviruses. Science Translational Medicine. 2022. eabl5399.

Research Finds Antibodies Show Promise for Treatment of Hantavirus

As a consulting and experimental service provider specializing in virology and microbiology, Creative Diagnostics recently introduces comprehensive services for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) assay. Flow cytometry, plaque assay or qPCR method are used to evaluate the ADE effect of test articles on virus infection in Fc receptor bearing cells.

Antibody-dependent enhancement mainly refers to effects in the body caused by pathogen infection. In 1964, Hawkes and his team at the Australian National University first proposed the hypothesis of “antibody-dependent enhanced infection” in arboviruses and named it ADE. ADE showed that at low concentrations of immune serum, viral replication was promoted rather than inhibited. A variety of viruses have been found to have ADE effects, such as Ebola virus, West Nile virus, dengue virus, hepatitis C virus, and rabies virus.

ADE assays and their in vitro assays can serve as benchmarks for careful evaluation of next-generation vaccines or targeted drugs. More importantly, the ADE effect is essentially a part of the body’s immune regulation, and a clear understanding of its mechanism may provide an opportunity and direction for the development of new drugs for infectious diseases with a clear pathogen infection. Creative Diagnostics now offers comprehensive services for ADE testing. It uses flow cytometry, plaque assay, or qPCR methods to assess the ADE effect of test articles on viral infection in Fc receptor-bearing cells.

“We have established stable cell lines that express Fc gammaRIIA, and will take a proper approach including flow cytometry, plaque assay, or qPCR to evaluate your test articles. We use known concentration of purified enhancing and isotype antibodies for internal control. Each plate contains untreated and uninfected controls to control the variability across plates,” said Dr. Jessica Waldorf, chief scientific officer of R&D department of Creative Diagnostics. “In addition, we optimized the analysis using 96-well plates to reduce the volume of test materials required. This in turn allows parallel neutralization tests and/or multiple replicates to improve robustness.”

With infection and analytical expertise, Creative Diagnostics provides researchers with the strongest portfolio of antiviral and antimicrobial in vitro testing services. Faced with growing demand for novel antiviral and antibacterial compounds for the treatment of infectious diseases, Creative Diagnostics can test these compounds in vitro to determine their potential efficacy in in vivo models.

As an expert in the antiviral field, Creative Diagnostics has provided a wide range of antiviral services to evaluate the inhibitory activity of candidate inhibitors. It also offers a variety of tailored antiviral assays to reveal the mechanism of action of novel antiviral drugs. Creative Diagnostics is constantly developing and optimizing new antiviral assays for other viruses. All antiviral studies can be performed in transformed or primary cells for cytotoxicity tests.

If you want to know more details about ADE assay services or have any other questions about our research solutions, please visit Creative Diagnostics at https://antiviral.creative-diagnostics.com.

About Creative Diagnostics

Headquartered in New York, Creative Diagnostics is a consulting and experimental service provider specializing in virology and microbiology. It provides comprehensive solutions to solve challenges of virology and microbiology research, including the need for high-security infrastructure, understanding of biosafety regulations, and expertise in multiple virus systems.

Creative Diagnostics Launches Antibody-dependent Enhancement Assay Services

As a global leading supplier of raw materials, antibodies, and reagents for bio-technology industry, Creative Diagnostics recently launches recombinant antigens p18 and p23 (viral capsid antigens, VCA), p54 and p138 (early antigens, EA) and EBNA1 (nuclear antigen, EBNA). These recombinant antigens in immunoassays are suitable for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against EBV in blood samples.

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is one of the most prevalent human viruses, as it affects more than 90% of adults in the world. Blood tests for EBV detect antibodies against EBV in the blood and help establish a diagnosis of EBV infection. Creative Diagnostics now offers several new products for EBV research uses, such as Recombinant EBV p18 (DAGA-3074, the E.Coli derived recombinant mosaic protein contains the HHV-4 p18 regions, and 1-119 amino acids), Recombinant Epstein-Barr Virus p54 Early Antigen [His] (DAG-T2771, a DNA sequence encoding the Epstein-Barr virus p54 early antigen (a.a 257-404) was expressed with a polyhistidine tag at the N-terminusl), and EBV NA protein [His] (DAG1578, the Recombinant EBV NA protein fused to His Tag at N-terminus was expressed in E. coli and purified by proprietary chromatographic technique).

Epstein-Barr virus, also known as human herpesvirus 4 (HHV4), belongs to Gammaherpesviridae, the genus Lymphovirus. EBV is spread through saliva, blood, and semen, and usually causes infectious mononucleosis (IM). Some cases also show that the virus links to several types of cancer and have a higher risk of certain autoimmune diseases. EBV has the ability to infect a very broad age group. In the United States, about half of five-year-olds and about 90 percent of adults have evidence of prior infection. The main cell types of EBV infection are epithelial cells and B cells. Once the initial lytic infection of EBV is controlled, EBV latency persists in an individual’s B cells for the rest of the individual’s life.

EBV-specific serological assays, such as ELISA, EIA, IFA, chemiluminescence, and immunoblot, are the easiest methods to test for EBV infection and to assess acute and distant infection in healthy individuals. Among the proteins encoded in the EBV genome, several have been used to detect EBV antibodies, including EBNA1, EBNA2, VCAp23, VCAp18, early antigens. Commercial immunoassays for the detection of IgG and IgM against EBV are required to detect at least three EBV antibodies: VCA-IgG, VCA-IgM, and EBNA-1 IgG, which are often combined to differentiate between acute and distant infections. The presence of VCA IgM and VCA IgG without EBNA-1 IgG indicates current acute infection, whereas the presence of VCA IgG and EBNA1 IgG in the absence of VCA IgM usually indicates distant infection.

If you want to know more details about antigens for EBV antibody tests or have any other questions about our research materials, please visit Creative Diagnostics at https://www.creative-diagnostics.com.

About Creative Diagnostics

Creative Diagnostics is a leading manufacturer and supplier of antibodies, viral antigens, innovative diagnostic components and critical assay reagents. It also provides contract biologic R&D and manufacturing services to the diagnostic manufacturers along with GMP biologics manufacturing for the biopharmaceutical market. It aims to provide a trusted source for all researchers’ assay development and manufacturing needs.

Creative Diagnostics Announces Antigens for Epstein-Barr Virus Antibody Tests

Amerigo Scientific, a distribution company focused on providing critical products and services to the biomedical and life science research communities, now introduces HHD Broth to the research community. This new product can be used for the detection and differentiation of heterofermentative and homofermentative lactic acid bacteria.

Microbiology is a biological science that deals with the identification and characterization of microorganisms and their interactions with their surrounding environment. Microbiology consists of several sub-disciplines, including bacteriology, mycology, phycology, parasitology, and virology. The study of the ecology, biology, physiology, and genetic mechanisms of these diverse organisms provide important insights into other scientific fields, including medicine, agriculture, fermentation, and food processing.

Amerigo Scientific offers a wide range of chemicals and reagents, media, antimicrobial susceptibility testing solutions and food safety testing molecular solutions for public health, clinical laboratories, food companies, environmental screening and pharmaceutical laboratories. It now expands product portfolio and provides HHD BROTH (Catalog Number: M001088813BIO) for researchers, the medium that can be used in the detection and differentiation of heterofermentative and homofermentative lactic acid bacteria.

Lactic acid bacteria are widely distributed in nature and participate not only in production, but also in the spoilage of acidic foods. According to their metabolic properties, they can be divided into two physiological groups: heterofermentative bacteria and homofermentative bacteria. Heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria produce carbon dioxide, lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol and mannitol from hexose; homofermentative lactic acid bacteria mainly produce lactic acid from hexose.

Homofermentative-Heterofermentative Differential (HHD) Broth now is available at Amerigo Scientific, which can be applied for microbiology research. AS a distribution company, Amerigo Scientific aims to integrate global superior product resources and technical resources to provide scientists with the latest, professional solutions.

“This new product further strengthens our microbiology research materials offering, and we are ready to meet our customers’ increasing demand for single-use research tools,” said Nina Cooper, Ph.D., the chief scientist at Amerigo Scientific. “We will continue to expand our portfolio to give us the ability to work closely with our customers, and provide more access to customized solutions for them. With our professional team, equipped with perfect technical support and thoughtful customer service, we are always ready to provide individualized customer service with high standards.”

For more information about the HHD BROTH or any other details about Amerigo Scientific’s research products, please visit https://www.amerigoscientific.com.

About Amerigo Scientific

Amerigo Scientific is a distribution company that focuses on providing critical products and services to the biomedical and life science research communities. Although it is a new company, Amerigo Scientific’s founder has had more than 20 years of rich experience in the biomedical and biochemical fields, and has established close contacts with key personnel in top international pharmaceutical and biotech companies, academic research institutes, and government research agencies. It has a professional team, as most of its employees own a graduate (Ph.D. or master) degree in life science, so they can understand customers’ questions or concerns and are always ready to provide individualized customer service with high standard.

Amerigo Scientific Supports Microbiology Research with the Launch of HHD BROTH

STEMart, a provider of integrated medical device CRO services dedicated to medical device and diagnostic clinical development, expands its Biocompatibility Testing services and introduces biocompatibility evaluation of breathing gas pathways in medical devices. This new testing follows the biocompatibility guidelines modified for medical devices and uses a solid scientific rationale.

Biocompatibility evaluation of breathing gas pathways in medical devices is a powerful tool for assessing contaminants from the air emitted from the device for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter when the gas pathway is intended to contact a patient’s respiratory tract. STEMart now offers various services for Testing of Breathing Gas Pathways in medical devices.

For the biocompatibility standard, “Chemical Characterization of medical device materials”, part eighteen of the Biological evaluation of medical device standards(ISO 10993-18), gives the general guidance for E/L testing including polar, semi-polar, and nonpolar solvents measure leaching of organic compounds. It also outlines that VOCs can be determined by analyzing water extracts or directly analyzing test items by heating the headspace.

ISO 18562 is a biocompatibility assessment standard for materials or medical devices with breathing gas pathways. It provides instructions for E/L extraction using purified water to simulate humidification vapor condensate, and VOC analysis for VOCs emitted in a gas stream under simulated use conditions (temperature, flow rate, duration) by GC/MS method, and particulates matter analysis of PM2.5 and PM10 emissions. Notably, the choice of sampling flow rate and temperature should be clinically relevant.

STEMart now offers biocompatibility evaluation of material or medical device with a breathing gas pathway utilized modern analytical techniques and instrumentation, following the biocompatibility guidelines modified for medical devices and using a solid scientific rationale. For example, STEMart can measure particulate matter emitted from medical equipment, flowing clean and dry air over the test material and collecting particulates from the output, and calculating PM2.5 and PM10 particle levels and recording minimum, maximum and average particle concentrations.

As for VOC analysis with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), STEMart offers two options for collecting and sampling VOCs: thermal desorption tube/can method and stainless steel SUMMA can method. VOCs are collected by directing clean, dry air through the test material in a controlled environment. Subsequently, particulate matter is sampled from the output. VOCs in gas samples ca be analyzed by GC/MS. VOC concentrations are reported in µg/m3. CO, CO2 and ozone can also be analyzed.

If you have additional questions about biocompatibility evaluation of breathing gas pathways in medical devices or if you would like to find out more about the medical device development service, please visit https://www.ste-mart.com.

About STEMart

STEMart is an industry-leading eCommerce platform with an expanded global footprint and has a broad portfolio of more than 10,000 products. It aims to provide best-in-class lab materials, medical instruments and consumables, excellent technologies, and high-quality services to global customers in the fields of science, technology, and engineering, from the discovery stage towards the manufacturing process. STEMart is dedicated to making research and biotech production simpler and safer, and through that to accelerate access to better health for people everywhere.

STEMart Introduces Biocompatibility Evaluation of Breathing Gas Pathways in Medical Devices

Mark Wesson is a highly skilled healthcare program professional with the skills needed to create high-quality healthcare programs. He has experience leading the analysis and restructuring of programs to improve the quality of care for patients. He is also adept at cultivating innovation using the latest technologies to improve information management and communication. Throughout his career, he has found and applied new and more effective ways of ensuring high-quality patient care. 

Organization: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India.
Work: Isolation of environmental bacteriophages for anti-biofilm activity. Characterization of marine and freshwater bacteriophages against pathogenic bacterial strains for their therapeutic applications and combating multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Searching the genome of marine and freshwater bacteriophages for the presence of novel metabolic pathways.

I'm a graduate student at University of California, Davis, studying genomics. I'm experienced in research, with both wet and dry lab skills including experiment design, data analysis, and programming in R and Python. I'm excited for a career in biotechnology.

My interests are to help improve critical care patient outcomes and responses by understanding infectious lung injury and their risk for secondary bacterial infections that can lead to additional lung injury, systemic responses, and poor patient outcomes. I additionally investigate how glycocalyx, composed of glycosaminoglycans, can influence these host (healthy or injured) pathogen interactions.

Oncological Sciences PhD Candidate. Metastasis research enthusiast. STEMinist. EDI. Science Comm.

I am a master level graduate international student seeking a job opportunity to expand my knowledge and skill. I am actively looking for job opportunities to expand my skills. I have a high interest and keen motivation towards cell culturing. I am looking for a job that has predominant work with cell culture and related techniques. 

Co-Founder of Sci Find–The scientific collaboration network.

Biotechnology

Biology

Featured Guilds

Bioinformatics

CRISPR

Molecular Biology

Neuroscience

Synthetic Biology

Guild Members

Dima Kalinsky

Keith Loritz

Patricia Damaze

Mark Wesson

Atif Khan

Heloísa Oss

Zayd Rashid

Logan Kocka

Renee Napoliello

Have a question?